Caste based reservation policy of India

 What is India's Reservation Policy? 


Reservation is offered to Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) at rates of 15%, 7.5 percent, and 27%, respectively, in direct recruitment on an all-India basis by open competition.




The Indian reservation system has always been contentious, both among general castes and the general public. The reservation system's principal goal is to improve the social status of the backward classes (SC, ST, and OBC) through education and other means. Our Constitution ensures that spaces for the underprivileged are reserved in schools and other government employment so that these individuals can improve their social status and join the mainstream of society.


According to Article 15(4),(5),(6) of the Indian Constitution, a specific percentage of seats would be reserved for the backward classes of society, which include SCs, STs, and OBCs, and the Constitution also ensures reservation for other government posts and services. The quota proportion for Schedule Castes is currently 15%, 7.5 percent for Schedule Tribes, 27% for Other Backward Classes, and 10% for economically weaker sections, totaling 59.5 percent of total seats in both educational and employment sectors.


Advantages of Reservation System:


Equal Representation: Increased engagement of people from lower socioeconomic categories in various decision-making processes, with equal representation from all socioeconomic groups at the end.


Equal opportunities for deserving candidates:

It has benefited some marginalised people in both the public and private sectors in reaching greater positions or services.

 

Implementation of justice and human rights: When people's human rights are violated, it has spurred them to strive for justice.


Economic balance in society: The process of moving from poverty to wealth, and vice versa, has been hampered by reservations.


Historical injustice: Due to past abandonment, injustice, and abuse of underprivileged communities, India demands caste-based reservation.


Disadvantages of Reservation System :


Encouraging casteism: It perpetuates casteism rather than abolishing it.


Possibilities of forming new castes in society: 

Poor people from forward castes still have no socioeconomic advantage over persons from backward castes. If this trend continues, a new backward caste made up of people from the poorer sectors of the forward castes may develop.


Exclusively for the advantage of the privileged: 

Those from the creamy layer or the dominant caste of backward castes benefit the most from reservation. As a result, the marginalised group stays that way.


Opposing meritocracy: The quality of students and employees enrolled at various institutions may suffer if undeserving people are given Opportunities. 


Temporary relief:A reservation only deals with the issues of chronological injustice in a limited and temporary way.


An ethnic barrier: This is a sort of prejudice based on ethnicity. It serves as a deterrent to casteism and racism while also encouraging caste and religious tolerance.


Social unrest: Reservation agitations, such as those that erupted during the Mandal Commission, have the potential to cause social instability (1990).


Should reservations be based on caste or on income?


In the end, caste-based reservation can only succeed in raising minority community members if it also contains a financial component. Excluding the creamy layer from benefits would be a step in the right direction toward supporting people who are truly marginalised and poor, as well as those from SC/ST/OBC backgrounds. Income, coupled with caste, can be used as a criterion for reservation, ensuring that individuals experiencing social and economic imbalance receive the assistance they require. Until then, people will have qualms about quota systems, regardless of whether they are based on income or caste.

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